Comparison of Methods of Assessment and Results of Traditional Osce with Electronic-Osce

Introduction: The onset and rise of COVID-19 and its sudden progression to a worldwide pandemic lead medical and dental institutes to change their way of teaching and conducting assessments to distance learning as compared to the previously applied conventional approaches. Teaching and assessment during this era have changed vastly, earlier it was solely traditional/live Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) but due to the current circumstances electronic/online OSCE (E-OSCE) method was introduced. In Pakistan also, Pakistan Medical Council (PMC) and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) conducted online exams so that the scheduled exams do not get delayed. Aim(s): The main objective of this paper is to measure the reliability of an E-OSCE and to compare it with the traditional OSCE. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which got conducted at the Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Traditional OSCEs and E-OSCEs were conducted with 71 participants including final year students and house officers. Each OSCEs had 10 stations, including one interactive station in traditional OSCE. Students' scores in both the OSCEs were collected and paired t-test was used to compare the mean scores at p<0.05. Result(s): Total number of house officers were 27 and final year students were 44. The scores of 71 participants were collected. The difference between mean scores of house officers' traditional OSCE and E-OSCE was statistically significant (p=0.000). The difference between final year students traditional OSCE and E-OSCE was also statistically significant (p=0.020). Finally, the overall difference between traditional OSCE and E-OSCE was also statistically significant (p=0.000) Practical implication: The main objective of this study was to assess the reliability of an E-OSCE and to compare whether the electronic method of conducting OSCE is more reliable than the traditional method of conducting OSCE. Conclusion(s): Despite limitations and the biases, the results of E-OSCE proved to be better than traditional OSCE. Further research needs to be conducted on E-OSCE to control the factors causing biases and limitations.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

The COVID-19 experience of orthodontists in Jordan.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic clinical services in Jordan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Google Forms electronic questionnaires were distributed between March and June 2021 using the WhatsApp platform of the Jordanian Orthodontic Society and via direct WhatsApp messages. The survey was identical and contemporaneous to that used in the United Kingdom. RESULTS: The survey yielded 127 unique responses, giving a response rate of 53.1%. The factors that had the greatest impact on service delivery were government guidance (78%), patients' fear of attending (70.1%), and increased cross-infection measures (65.4%). The survey revealed that there had been a perceived deterioration in oral hygiene (60.3%) and levels of compliance (61.9%) in patients in active treatment even though patients in treatment were prioritized during the pandemic. Also, 56.8% of respondents felt clinical staff should be vaccinated and undergo regular testing for COVID-19. Orthodontists within Jordan were optimistic regarding the speed at which clinical services would return to pre-pandemic levels of activity with 32.5% anticipating this would take less than 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in active orthodontic treatment, during COVID-19, have been prioritized but at the expense of new and review patients. Respondents in Jordan felt COVID-19 would have ongoing effects on clinical care, professional practice, and society. Most respondents supported the vaccination of orthodontic staff and were optimistic about the effect of a vaccination program on restoring clinical services.

Sustainability in orthodontics: Challenges and opportunities for improving our environmental impact.

OBJECTIVE: To highlight the potential environmental impact of different aspects of orthodontic care in the United Kingdom, outline the major barriers and challenges to reducing this impact, and summarise the possible action that could help the orthodontic community to tackle the climate change crisis. IMPACT: Travel, procurement and supply, material use, waste management, energy use and water consumption within dentistry have a considerable effect on the environment. There are, however, marked knowledge gaps pertaining to the impact of orthodontic treatment. CHALLENGES: The lack of awareness of the NHS contribution to the carbon footprint and net-zero goals among healthcare workers, the NHS backlogs and budget cuts, and cross-infection control requirements particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic are some of the many challenges to making healthcare delivery more sustainable. OPPORTUNITIES: By considering the triple bottom line (social, environmental and economic), incorporating the four Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rethink), taking practical action, including steps to educate ourselves and the wider team, and to promote research on environmental sustainability, we can get one step closer to reaching the NHS net-zero goals. CONCLUSION: Climate change is a global health threat with multiple contributors associated with orthodontic treatment delivery, which can be tackled on an individual, organisational and system level.

Assessment of the willingness of Nigerian Orthodontists to offer face-to-face orthodontic services to patients infected with Covid-19

Introduction: Efforts to contain the spread of the COVID-19 disease led to suspension of many services which caused orthodontists to resort to providing only emergency services. The aims of this study were to assess the willingness of Nigerian Orthodontists and Orthodontic resident doctors to treat patients infected with Covid-19 as well as to ascertain advice given regarding traumatic arch wires and aligners during the pandemic. Participants and study design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We included dentists who were Orthodontists and orthodontic resident doctors practicing in Nigeria. Data was collected via an online questionnaire (Google form) which was sent three times weekly throughout May/June, 2020 and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Result(s): Forty-eight out of the 90 members of the WhatsApp group responded within the allotted time, giving a response rate of 53.3%. Out of a total of 48 respondents, 39 (81.3%) were unwilling to treat patients infected with COVID-19 during the pandemic. The major reason was fear of infection with the virus (12, 25.0%). Most of the respondents (41, 55.4%) suggested the use of wax for relief of trauma from arch wires. Conclusion(s): Majority of Orthodontists and orthodontic residents practicing in Nigeria expressed unwillingness to treat patients infected with COVID-19. Aligner therapy was proffered as an alternative to bracket therapy.Copyright © 2023 Adeyemi TE et al.

Clinical management and infection control protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is considered a highly infectious and life threatening disease. OBJECTIVE: The present paper aims to evaluate various aspects of preventive measures and clinical management of the scheduled visits for orthodontic patients to the dental clinics during the outbreak of COVID-19, and to assess how orthodontists dealt with this challenge. METHODS: Orthodontists in private and public clinics were invited to fill a questionnaire that addressed infection control protocols and concerns about clinical management of patients in the clinics during the pandemic. Frequncies and percentages of the responses were obtained and compared using Chi-square tests. RESULTS: About 77% of those working in private clinics, and 63% of those working in private and governmental clinics performed room disinfection following each patient. In case of patients needing urgent management and have active infection, 56% of the participants provided care under high infection control measures; on the contrary, 64% provided symptomatic intervention including orthodontic wax, analgesics and sometimes mouthwash. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the orthodontic treatments. All pre-cautionary measures have to be made available in the clinic in order to minimize the spread of viral infection with continuous dental health care training.

Teledentistry in pediatric dentistry: review and presentation of a clinical case.

OBJECTIVES Teledentistry is a telematics approach validated in the literature that allows the remote diagnosis and management of various oral health problems, avoiding direct face-to-face contact with the patient. This study aims to present a review of the scientific literature to analyze in which fields of pediatric dentistry teledentistry has found application and with what results;in addition, a case of unconventional oral candidiasis in a child, diagnosed and managed through the use of teledentistry during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in April 2020, is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search was performed through PubMed (using keyword and MeSH terms), Scopus and Embase databases, evaluating observational, interventional, case reports and case series studies, published in English between 1999 and 2021 and conducted in children. The clinical case presented was diagnosed and managed through photographs that the pediatric dentist received from the patient's mother via a multi-platform messaging application. Through the same application, the mother was able to provide informed consent to take care of the patient remotely, after acceptance of possible critical issues regarding teledentistry, and receive a prescription for home treatment of oral candidiasis. RESULTS After exclusion of duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 14 studies were selected. Teledentistry was applied in four different areas: oral health promotion, with 2 studies examining smartphone applications to improve home oral hygiene, diagnosis/follow-up/treatment in orthodontics with 4 studies, caries and other hard and soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity with 7 studies, and finally dental traumatology with a single study. With regard to the promotion of oral health, two applications for the improvement of home oral hygiene were examined. They showed promise for motivation and education. In orthodontics, the studies evaluated in this review reported that teledentistry is useful and valuable for follow-up and orthodontic consultations that can be obtained quickly;doubts remain regarding expense, intervention time and operator compensation. In addition, remotely supervised interceptive treatment appears to reduce the severity of malocclusions. About caries and other hard and soft tissue diseases of the oral cavity, results indicate that teledentistry can reduce waiting lists and the need for face-to-face examinations. Teledentistry is considered valid, efficient and potentially cost-effective for screening and follow-up of caries, being comparable to traditional clinical examination. Teledentistry has proven to be comparable to clinical examination for the diagnosis of dental trauma. CONCLUSIONS The data collected allow us to conclude that teledentistry, thanks to advances in technology, can be a useful means for pediatric dentists to improve the oral health of young patients and to provide better access to oral health services by effectively replacing face-to-face dentistry in various situations. The presented clinical case confirms the conclusions obtained from the literature search. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Teledentistry can replace face-to-face visits in several areas of pediatric dentistry and ensuring safe care during any future pandemics.Copyright © 2023 EDRA SpA. Tutti i diritti riservati.

Dental Implants And Orthodontics In Patients With Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Systemic Review

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disease that is associated with the involvement of organs with embryonic ectodermal structure such as teeth, nails, hair and sweat glands, lacrimal and salivary glands. The prevalence rate of this disease is 1 in every 100,000 people. The most common and severe form of ectodermal dysplasia is the X-linked hypo hidrotic type. The second common type of hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is autosomal dominant, unlike the first type, sweat glands are not involved. Small and fragile nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and feet, dry mouth, decreased tear production are some of the clinical symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia, which are the result of intolerance to heat. The facial features of the patient include a prominent forehead, sunken nose bridge, protruding ears, prominent lips, hypoplasia of the middle part of the face, and skin pigment around the eyes and mouth. Dental involvement is one of the most prominent features of ectodermal dysplasia, which can be seen in both primary and permanent tooth systems. Reduction in the number of teeth, delay in tooth growth, abnormal shape of anterior teeth in peg-shaped or conical form, smaller size of posterior teeth and enamel defects are observed. Alveolar ridge hypoplasia is also common due to the lack of teeth, followed by a decrease in the vertical height of the occlusion. A child with ectodermal dysplasia faces many problems in feeding, chewing, and speaking. Early treatment with dental prostheses can significantly reduce these problems.Copyright © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.

Current status of undergraduate orthodontic education in Canada.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated teaching hours and mode of instruction of undergraduate orthodontic education dental students in Canada receive, changes implemented by each educational dental institution (EDI) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and plans for mode of orthodontic education delivery post-COVID-19. METHODS: An electronic survey was administered to the program directors of undergraduate orthodontics at each EDI to reveal details regarding the (i) time and details of didactic, preclinical, and clinical experience provided to students and (ii) perceptions of undergraduate program directors about the adequacy of the current curricula. RESULTS: All 10 Canadian EDIs participated in the survey during the year 2021. Most EDIs deliver their orthodontic curricula beginning in the second year of the program (7, 70.0%), continuing through third (7, 70.0%) and fourth (6, 60.0%) years. The number of hours of didactic, preclinical, and clinical instruction varied by as much as 50 h per academic year across different EDIs. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, almost all EDIs (9, 90.0%) maintained the same amount of didactic lecture time yet most switched to synchronous (5, 50.0%) or asynchronous (3, 30.0%) online delivery format. Most EDIs (8, 80.0%) indicated the quality of education was maintained during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: There exists significant variation in undergraduate orthodontic time allotment among Canadian EDIs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most Canadian EDIs maintained a consistent amount of teaching hours while transitioning to some form of online course delivery. Most program directors indicated they believed students received the same quality of education after the change in mode of course delivery. The future of undergraduate orthodontic education will likely continue the accelerated trend toward online education.

The Role of Social Media in Communication and Learning at the Time of COVID-19 Lockdown-An Online Survey.

This study aimed to assess orthodontic postgraduate students' use of social media during the COVID-19 lockdown. Ninety-four postgraduate students (67 master's students and 27 doctoral students) were enrolled in the study and asked to fill in an online questionnaire by answering questions regarding their use of social media during the COVID-19 lockdown. The frequency distributions and percentages were calculated using SPSS software. The results showed that 99% of the students used social media. The most frequently used type of social media was Facebook, 94%, followed by YouTube, 78%, and Instagram, 65%, while Twitter and Linkedin were used less, and no one used Blogger. About 63% of the students used elements of social media to learn more about orthodontics staging, biomechanics, and various approaches in managing orthodontic cases. About 56% of students tried uploading and downloading scientific papers, lectures, movies, presentations, and e-books from social media, while communication with professionals and searches about orthodontic products were reported in 47% of students' responses. On the other hand, 43% of the responses favored sharing orthodontic information and posts for teaching and discussion purposes. Generally, social media plays leading roles in the communication with, learning of, sharing of information with, and supervision of patients from a far during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Record Keeping of External Calls to the Maxillofacial Department

Introduction/Aims: External telephone calls to the Northampton Maxillofacial department are often from Kettering General Hospital, GPs, GDPs, or patients. There was no system as to where or how to record details taken from external telephone calls. Therefore, not all calls were being noted. A proforma sheet was created to provide staff with a place to document call details. Compliance of record keeping was recorded. The aim of this clinical audit quality improvement project is to improve and measure the compliance of record keeping of external telephone calls to the Maxillofacial department. Material(s) and Method(s): The gold standard of record keeping is 100% compliance as per GDC Principle 4. A proforma sheet was created and a charting system meant calls were logged. Completed proformas were scanned onto the department's desktop. Audit cycles were conducted over one month. The first cycle was conducted from 20th December 2021 until the 20th January 2022. Intervention was then carried out, including discussion of results at a staff meeting, training on record keeping and one to one supportive feedback to colleagues on their record keeping of external calls. After this, a second cycle was conducted from the 1st March 2022 until the 31st March 2022. Results/Statistics: In cycle 1, 29 external calls were taken, with 19 documented. Record keeping compliance of external calls was 66%. The gold standard was not achieved. 32% of calls were from patients/relatives of patients, 31% of calls were from Kettering General, 21% from GPs and 16% from GDPs. 43% were regarding facial swellings and 22% were trauma related. The remaining calls which each had a weighting of 5%, were regarding: dog bites, orthodontics, osteotomies, biopsies, parotidectomies, trigeminal neuralgia and oral antral fistulas. 12 patients were advised to attend the A&E department, 3 patients were admitted for emergency surgical treatment, and 5 were booked for a review at a trauma clinic. In cycle 2, there was significant improvement, as record keeping compliance of external calls was 85%. 20 external telephone calls were noted, with 17 recorded using the proforma sheets. 16% of calls were regarding facial swellings, 21% were trauma related, 26% had post-extraction concerns, 5% had COVID-19 queries, 16% had delayed healing, 11% involved uncontrollable bleeding and the final 5% called for antibiotic advice. 9 patients were advised to attend the A&E department, 1 patient was admitted for emergency surgical treatment, and 7 were booked on to a trauma clinic. Conclusions/Clinical Relevance: The audit raises awareness for ethical record keeping, patient safety and legal implications. It highlights areas for teaching, such as management of facial swellings. As the gold standard was not achieved, the aim is to re-audit after more intervention, to improve compliance of good record keeping to 100%. The Maxillofacial department at Kettering General are also looking to implement the proformas and audit. This demonstrates the project can be generalised to more hospitals. Copyright © 2022

Future of Orthodontics-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Emerging Trends in This Field.

Technology is rapidly evolving in the modern world, and the accompanying developments due to its influence are shaping each and every aspect of our life, with the field of orthodontics being no exception. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine such trends in orthodontics and hypothesize which ones would emerge and continue in the near future. After a thorough search of online journals using keywords such as "3D printing," "Aligners," "Artificial intelligence," "Future trends," "Orthodontics," and "Teleorthodontics" across databases of PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus, a total of 634 papers were initially recovered. Technological advancements in 3D printing, Computer-aided design and Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), biopolymers and Teleorthodontics were the most important categories of development seen across the 17 studies that we selected for our review. All the investigations selected for this systematic review depicted aspects of orthodontics that were influenced by rapid technological changes and could potentially become mainstream in the coming times. However, caution was sought to be observed in the usage/adoption of some of these trends, with social media usage amongst both patients as well as orthodontists being a prime example of this.

Bioethics and Orthodontics

Ethics as applied to medico-dental practice and associated research is called bioethics. From the Journal's inception, contributing authors have explored recurrent themes pertaining to bioethics. This early interest is a tribute to the keen foresight and enduring pride in professionalism that has persisted throughout the evolution of orthodontics. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

Recent Advances in Orthodontic Retention-a Review

In orthodontics, the two primal snags encountered by orthodontists during the end stage of treatment are, loss of anchorage and relapse of treatment. Prevention of post treatment tooth movement would provide an immense relief to the practitioners. Therefore, this review is intended to serve as a resource in the aforementioned direction. It includes therecent developments in approaches like use of pharmacological agents,vibration &low-level laser therapy (LLLT). The impact of COVID-19 on approaches to orthodontic retention have also been discussed. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

The effect of COVID-19 on emergencies and pain among orthodontic patients attending a teaching hospital.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on emergencies and pain among orthodontic patients attending a teaching hospital. The study was conducted among orthodontic patients receiving active orthodontic treatment or in a retention period at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq. Their participation was voluntary, and they filled out an Arabic-translated questionnaire. The survey included general information, orthodontic problems, and a numerical rating scale for pain assessment. We used descriptive and inferential statistics (frequencies and intersecting frequencies), chi-square test and linear regression. Out of 75 orthodontic patients, only 54 (15 males and 39 females) were included in the study. The most encountered orthodontic problem was broken or movable bracket (55.6%), followed by long pocking wire 35.2%. In addition, 55.6% of the participants preferred to wait for the next appointment to see their orthodontist, and only 5.6% tried to treat the problem personally. There was no significant relationship between pain level, gender and age, whereas a strong significant association was found between pain intensity and orthodontic problems or emergencies. COVID-19 had a negative impact on orthodontic follow-up visits. The intensity of pain was strongly correlated with orthodontic problems or emergencies. Therefore, more attention should be given to patients, focusing on teaching them how to manage orthodontic emergencies during situations such as an outbreak.

Biomedical waste segregation in orthodontics after COVID

In the majority of health-care organizations including the field of dentistry, biomedical waste (BMW) is becoming a severe concern. All health-care employees must be informed of how to properly dispose of health-care waste and how to handle, segregate, and transport BMW. Proper segregation of BMW is highly essential during these current pandemic times. There is a rapid increase in the spread of infectious diseases, especially in the field of dentistry. COVID currently has a higher spread and affectivity ratio than any other disease since 2019, along with other diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. Without proper disposal of medical waste, there can be no assurance that these diseases will not spread. Hence, there is a need for a safety protocol, which is applied and implemented worldwide and their disposal in a specific guided manner. This article is intended to provide deep insight and to simplify how to categorize and dispose orthodontic BMW.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a Fully Operative Dentistry Academic Center in Madrid (Spain) During the De-escalation Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Are Our Dentists at Greater Risk?

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among dental professionals at an Academic Center in Madrid (Spain) at the beginning of the pandemic's de-escalation phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. COVID-19 infection was determined by membrane-based immunoassay qualitative detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in human whole blood. Age, sex, race and professional qualification were recorded, as were symptoms compatible with COVID-19 infection whenever present. Data collected were analysed by means of descriptive and qualitative (X2) statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 195 individuals were included (40 administrative professionals and 155 dentists). Seroprevalence at the end of the de-escalation phase was 20.0% among all the participants. The highest prevalence was found among the orthodontists (34.8%), followed by the paediatric dentists (28.6%) and oral surgeons (14.7%). Most subjects were positive for IgG and negative for IgM (79.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among dental professionals at the end of the de-escalation phase after the first wave of the pandemic was almost double the seroprevalence of the general population. Orthodontists had the highest rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 Antibodies in Dental Healthcare Providers

Background: Occupational hazards and risks are a common public health issue, especially when healthcare workers safety is concerned;they are on high risk of catching infections such like COVID-19. The possibility of cross-infection between dental practitioners and patients is significantly higher due to the close exposure of dental staff to patient oral environment. Aim(s): To assess the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 antibodies in dental workers working in the Peshawar Dental College and Hospital, Peshawar. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Peshawar Dental College & Hospital, Peshawar from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: One hundred and thirty three dental workers were enrolled. The investigation was run to detect immunoglobulin G and M antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2-2. The aspirated aerosol and air was evacuated and dissipated into the atmosphere. Result(s): Mean age was 29.4+/-1.4 years and males were dominant 74 (55.6%) and male workers found greater with positive antibodies. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 33.0%. Proportionately dental assistants (20.5% vs 16.9%) and ancillary staff (20.5% vs 10.1%) had higher prevalence. Sore throat and body aches were more common in positive antibodies cases while travel history was found significantly associated with it (40.9% vs 25.0%, p-value, 0.05). Conclusion(s): High frequency of SARS-COV-2 antibodies was found in dental workers showing a high infection rate of COVID-19 in healthcare workers in local settings. Copyright © 2022 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Online Orthodontic Screening for Dental Education

Dental education around the world were being affected by the pandemic COVID-19. Patients could not come to received treatment and students could not performed dental clinical practical due to lockdown implementation. To overcome this, an online orthodontic screening for examination and diagnosis was developed to help dental students to practice and perform assessment on patients. The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of using online orthodontics screening as an alternative way to physical classes and orthodontic clinics. This cross-sectional study was conducted on clinical years dental students. A total of seventy subjects participated in this study. All subjects were required to assess orthodontic patient extra-oral and intra-oral attributes base on the online orthodontic screening. The result shows that all subjects could identify correctly extra-oral features such as assessment of the skeletal pattern and soft tissue. While mixed result was noted on intra-oral characteristics such as teeth condition, teeth in occlusion and lower upper arches. As a conclusion, the implementation of orthodontic screening thru online method can be utilized as a feasible alternative in comparison to the traditional clinical setting. © 2022,Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.

An Assessment of Common Problems of Post Graduate Students Pursuing Post-Graduation In Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, due to COVID 19 Lockdown

Objective: To assess the common concerns of FCPS and MDS trainees in Orthodontics due to COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in different institutes of Sindh which offered FCPS/MDS training in Orthodontics. The study was carried out after approval from the ethical committee. A questionnaire was designed comprising of 15 questions. Each question aiming to assess the difficulties faced by trainees due to the imposition of lockdown. The questionnaire was distributed amongst 80 participants/trainees in the training year 2 to 4. Results: The average age of study participants was 29 years with range of 27 to 38 years. In this study a large number of subjects said that they were unsure regarding completion of cases due to lockdown i.e;n=63,(77.8%). Approximately half of the study subjects thought that there will be massive patient burden after resuming to the normal practice i.e 40(49.4%). Nearly quarter of them were puzzled that due to lockdown it was difficult to focus on thesis and research work i.e 18(22.2%). Few of them also responded that after resuming to the normal practice there would be pressure from superior authorities for academic works i.e;n=9,(11.1%). Conclusion: This study analyzed those major concerns were non-availability of basic materials for procedures, fear of completion of cases due to lockdown and massive patient burden in clinics after uplifting of lockdown. Therefore, Covid-19 lockdown has in many ways affected the academic and clinical activities of the post-graduate students. The uncertainty to tackle this surprise situation is still an unanswered question. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Annals of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College is the property of Knowledge Bylanes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)